"Baby, It`s Cold Outside" is a popular song written by Frank Loesser in 1944 and popularized in the 1949 film Neptune`s Daughter. While the lyrics make no mention of a holiday, it is commonly regarded as a Christmas song owing to its winter theme. The song was released in eight recordings in 1949—including well-known versions by Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Jordan, Hot Lips Page and Pearl Bailey, and by Dean Martin and Marilyn Maxwell—and has been covered numerous times since.

History

In 1944, Loesser wrote "Baby, It`s Cold Outside" to sing with his wife, Lynn Garland, at their housewarming party in New York City at the Navarro Hotel. They sang the song to indicate to guests that it was time to leave.[1] Garland has written that after the first performance, "We became instant parlor room stars. We got invited to all the best parties for years on the basis of `Baby.` It was our ticket to caviar and truffles. Parties were built around our being the closing act."[1] In 1948, after years of performing the song, Loesser sold it to MGM for the 1949 romantic comedy Neptune`s Daughter. Garland was furious: "I felt as betrayed as if I`d caught him in bed with another woman."[2]

According to Esther Williams, the producers of Neptune`s Daughter had planned to use a different Loesser song, "(I`d Like to Get You on a) Slow Boat to China", but studio censors thought it was too suggestive and replaced it with "Baby."[3]

The song won the 1950 Academy Award for Best Original Song.[4][5]

Lyrics

The song is a call and response duet between two people: a host and a guest, usually performed by male and female singers respectively. Every line in the song features a statement from the guest followed by a response from the host. The lyrics consist of the host trying to convince the guest that she should stay for a romantic evening because he fears her getting too cold outside, despite the fact that she feels she should return home to her concerned family and neighbors.[6]

In the film Neptune`s Daughter, the song is first performed by Ricardo Montalbán and Esther Williams in the conventional manner, then with a comic parody twist by Betty Garrett and Red Skelton: this time the man wants to leave and the woman wants him to stay.[7]

In the original edition from Loesser`s publishing company "Susan Publications, Inc." from 1948, the host`s character name is "The Wolf" and the guest "The Mouse." It`s unclear of the origin or meaning of these character names; they don`t occur in the film version. This edition`s tempo is given as "Loesserando", a humorous reference to the composer`s name.[8][9]

Criticism

While studying in the United States in 1949, the future leader of the Muslim Brotherhood, Sayyid Qutb, reportedly expressed outrage with the song and its perceived decadent use at dance in a church.[10]

Since 2009, the song has also faced criticism among some listeners for the alleged implications of its lyrics, with elements such as the line, "Say, what`s in this drink?" and the "wolf`s" unrelenting pressure for the "mouse" to remain in spite of her repeated suggestions that she should go home being described as suggestive of sexual harassment or even date rape.[11][12]

However, others have noted that cultural expectations at the time of the song`s writing were such that ladies were not socially permitted to spend the night with gentlemen to whom they were not married and that the woman states that she wants to stay, while "What`s in this drink?" was a common idiom of the period used to sidestep social expectations by blaming one`s actions on the influence of alcohol.[11][13][14] Susan Loesser, the daughter of songwriter Frank Loesser, attributed the controversy to the song being associated with Bill Cosby after television programs such as Saturday Night Live and South Park satirically depicted it being performed by the comedian, who had been accused of sexually assaulting numerous women.[15][16]

In 2018, the airing of the song was canceled by a number of radio stations including Canada`s CBC streaming service, after social media criticism and public pressure regarding the song`s lyrics. This was referred to by some media outlets as part of a wider cancel culture at the time of works liable to offend people.[17] On November 30, 2018, Cleveland, Ohio, radio station WDOK Star 102 announced that it had removed the song from its playlist due to its lyric content, based on listener input, amid the MeToo movement.[18] On December 4, 2018, the Canadian radio broadcasters Bell Media, CBC Radio, and Rogers Media followed suit. The decision was divisive among critics and the general public, with supporters arguing that the song`s possible implications of date rape did not align with current societal norms, and others arguing that the decision was an appeal to political correctness.[19][20][21] Station KOIT in San Francisco, having placed the song "on hold" pending listener feedback, returned it to the playlist after 77% of respondents opposed its removal.[22] CBC Radio subsequently reinstated the song as well.[23] Following the controversy, the song rose to the top 10 of Billboard`s digital sales list for the week of December 22, 2018, with a 70% increase in downloads.[24]

In 2019, vocalists John Legend and Kelly Clarkson also recorded the song with modified lyrics, written by Legend and Natasha Rothwell for an expanded edition of Legend`s A Legendary Christmas album. The lyrical changes, which included lines from the "Wolf" emphasizing sexual consent, became a new source of controversy in their own right.[25][26] Deana Martin, whose father Dean Martin had recorded a popular version of the song in 1959, criticized the new interpretation as "absurd", saying her father would not have approved of altering the lyrics (which she maintained to be more sexually explicit in the new version than in Loesser`s original) in order to appease contemporary sensibilities.[27]

1949 recordings

• Don Cornell and Laura Leslie with Sammy Kaye and his orchestra; recorded on April 12 and released by RCA Victor (peaked at No. 12 on Billboard`s Records Most Played By Disk Jockeys chart, at No. 13 on Billboard`s Best-Selling Popular Retail Records chart [lasting ten weeks on the chart], and at No. 17 on Billboard`s Most-Played Juke Box Records chart in mid-1949)[28]
• Hot Lips Page and Pearl Bailey recorded a popular version of the song that they performed live on The Ed Sullivan Show on October 9, 1949. `[29]
• Bing Crosby and James Stewart, abbreviated radio performance with Stewart taking the "mouse" part, from The Bing Crosby – Chesterfield Show; released on The Bing Crosby Christmas Gift Collection[30]
• Doris Day and Bob Hope; radio performance from The Bob Hope Show[31]
• Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Jordan with the Tympany Five; recorded on April 28 and released by Decca Records (peaked at No. 9 on Billboard`s Most-Played Juke Box Records chart and at No. 17 on Billboard`s Best-Selling Popular Retail Records chart [lasting seven weeks on the latter chart] in mid-1949)[28]
• Lynn Garland and Frank Loesser (credited as Lynn & Frank Loesser); released by Mercury Records[32]
• Homer and Jethro and June Carter; released by RCA Victor (peaked at No. 22 on Billboard`s Records Most Played By Disk Jockeys chart on the week ending August 20, 1949)[28]
• Dean Martin and Marilyn Maxwell; radio performance from The Martin and Lewis Show; released on several compilations, including The Very Best of Dean Martin and Relax, It`s Dean Martin, Vol 2[33]
• Dinah Shore and Buddy Clark with Ted Dale and his orchestra;[34] recorded on March 17 and released by Columbia Records[28] (peaked at No. 3 on Billboard`s Records Most Played By Disk Jockeys chart, at No. 4 on Billboard`s Best-Selling Popular Retail Records chart, and at No. 6 on Billboard`s Most-Played Juke Box Records chart in mid-1949)[28]
• Margaret Whiting and Johnny Mercer with Paul Weston and his orchestra; recorded on March 18 and released by Capitol Records (peaked at No. 3 on Billboard`s Records Most Played By Disk Jockeys chart, at No. 4 on Billboard`s Best-Selling Popular Retail Records chart [lasting 19 weeks on the chart], and at No. 8 on Billboard`s Most-Played Juke Box Records chart in mid-1949)[28]

Other recordings

As of 2020, there are over 400 recordings of the song.[35]

1. ^ As in the She & Him version, Buffett and Shakoor reverse the gender-specific lyrics, with he the "Mouse" and she the "Wolf".[96]

Charts

Year-end charts

Idina Menzel and Michael Bublé version

Brett Eldredge and Meghan Trainor version

Certifications

Dean Martin version

Idina Menzel and Michael Bublé version

Brett Eldredge and Meghan Trainor version

See also

• List of Billboard Adult Contemporary number ones of 2014, 2015, and 2017 (U.S.)